Notes

Autonomic Nervous System — Rapid Revision

Pharmacology · 6 min read · Updated 23 Aug 2026

Cholinergic system

  • Neurotransmitter: acetylcholine; receptors — muscarinic (M1-M5, GPCR) and nicotinic (Nm, Nn, ion channels).
  • Muscarinic agonists: pilocarpine (glaucoma), bethanechol (urinary retention).
  • Antagonists: atropine (organophosphate poisoning), glycopyrrolate, ipratropium.

Adrenergic system

  • Alpha-1: vasoconstriction; Alpha-2: presynaptic inhibition; Beta-1: heart; Beta-2: bronchodilation.
  • Adrenaline: anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest. Noradrenaline: septic shock.
  • Beta blockers: propranolol (non-selective), atenolol/metoprolol (cardioselective).

PSC exam pointers

  • Antidote pairs are asked almost every year.
  • Know receptor-organ-response tables by heart.