Notes
Crude Drugs — Sources & Constituents
Pharmacognosy · 4 min read · Updated 23 Aug 2026
High yield pairs
- Opium — Papaver somniferum — morphine, codeine.
- Cinchona — Cinchona officinalis — quinine, quinidine.
- Belladonna — Atropa belladonna — atropine, hyoscyamine.
- Senna — Cassia angustifolia — sennosides A & B.
- Ephedra — Ephedra gerardiana — ephedrine.
Evaluation of crude drugs
- Organoleptic, microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods.
- Ash values: total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash.